Using Punctuation in English Language

Using Punctuation in English Language The word ‘Punctuation’ has come from Latin word ‘punctum’ which means ‘a point’. It is the right use of symbols for pauses or stops in writing. We understand and communicate better with use of punctuations. The list below gives the punctuation symbols used in English language. 1 capitalization The bird sang. 7 exclamation mark [!] 2 full stop [.] 8 apostrophe [] 3 comma [,] 9 hyphen [-] 4 semicolon [;] 10 inverted commas- single [ ] 5 colon [:] 11 inverted commas- double [ ] 6 question mark [?] 12 brackets ( ) Capital letter A sentence begins with a capital letter. Example; They want some water. Proper nouns also begin with capital letters. Example; Sunil Chhetri, Anamika, Kanpur The pronoun ‘I’ is always capital. Certain words are always capitalized. For example; God, The Bible, The Bhagwat Gita Period or full stop It is used at the end of an assertive or imperative sentence. This is Anandi Joshi. (assertive) Do a project report about her. (imperative) After abbreviations and initials. M.A.N.C.CP.M (Prime Minister) Dec. (December) 2011 A.D. 8 p.m. The Comma(,)It indicates the shortest pause. It is used to ; separate three or more words of the same part of speech Madhu stuck the beads, shells and sand on the project paper. (nouns) Sunita sorted, washed, dried and pickled the mangoes. (verbs) mark off phrases in apposition (two words or phrases, referring to the same thing, placed in a sentence without any connecting word, is known as an ‘apposition’.) The Emblem of India, the adaptation of Asoka’s Lion Capital has the motto ‘Satyameva Jayate’. Kerala, the land of coconut trees, is a state in South India. separate each pair of words connected by conjunctions and to separate words or group of words in a sentence. Are mother and aunt, visiting her friend or will they join us for the movie? address a person or when sentence starts with ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Vishaka, please come here.Yes, I shall come in a minute. Semicolon (;) It indicates a longer pause than the comma. It is usually followed by conjunctions like ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’. It is used to: to separate many groups of words of a sentence, when they contain a comma Girish, come and lift this; and then you can go and sit with uncle. Renu promised to make some ladoos; but she had to leave suddenly. to separate units of a series when the series contain commas Vittal is from Paithan, Maharastra; Vani from Kadappa, Andhra Pradesh; whereas Bondi is from Dispur, Assam. To reduce or narrow the gap between two thoughts or closely linked sentences I paid the bill on time; I expect all services to resume with immediate effect. The unit was ready; with shining swords; waiting for a signal from their commander. Colon (:) The colon indicates a longer pause than the semicolon. It is used to; To introduce an explanation, or statement The main idea was this: to first make them fill the forms, then pay the fees and collect the materials. To introduce a quotation The leader said: ‘We must stand united and negotiate.’ To introduce a list Children, bring the following things for tomorrow’s assignment: A4 size paper, pictures of wild animals, glue, craft paper, crayons. The Interrogation mark or the Question mark (?) It is used after a question Little bird, do you want some grains to eat? Where is your nest? The question mark is not used after an indirect question, or polite request or submission. We requested the manager for another room. The clerk asked if I wanted to meet the manager. The Exclamation mark (!) It is used after exclamatory words, phrases or sentences expressing sudden emotions or wish. Hurrah! We won.b. It’s a shame! He Cheated!c. Marvelous! I got an A+. Apostrophe (’) The apostrophe comma is used sometimes with s as ‘s to make possessive nouns (something belongs to someone) Jane’s coat Mansi’s house the cat’s dish the milkmaid’s pail to show that a letter(s) is/are missing, when the word is made shorter.Only ( ‘) is used. We’re travelling in Jahan’s car. It’s a ‘ 90 (1990) Maruti 800. Hyphen (-) It is used in compound words apple-piebullock-cart sweet-toothsugar-free To indicate break-up of words, prefix and suffix inter-citypre-planex-ministerdis-couragemis-spelt Inverted commas- single (‘ ’) Single quotes or single inverted commas are used to; indicate the title of books, poems, stories etc. and to draw attention to a word. ‘The Alchemist’ is written by Paulo Coelho. ‘a’ is an indefinite article. indicate a quotation within a quotation. The man said, â€Å"I would like to know, ‘where is Mr.Diwan now’?† â€Å"She always tells me, ‘do this, do that’ and continues to knit!† exclaimed Bunny indicate direct thoughts in a story, thought, dreams. The lady thought, ‘Let me bargain and get a better deal,’ and spoke to the salesman. Inverted commas- double (â€Å" †) Double quotes or double inverted commas are used to indicate quotationin a sentence. It shows the exact words of the speaker. It is used in direct speech. â€Å"We are closed from 1 pm to 2 pm for lunch†, said the woman. American civil rights activistMartin Luther King, Jr.gave the famous speech I Have a Dream. Parentheses / Brackets [ { ( ) } ] These are widely used to give additional details, to refer to previous sentences, objects, names, abbreviations, to link other parts of a chapter or book. If only few words, phrases are used inside brackets, then we need not punctuate inside the brackets. For example; Anita (my eldest sister) and my aunt (from Goa) where selecting our dresses. Exercise 1; Punctuate where necessary he wants to give up the habit of biting his nails however he is facing some difficulties ______________________________________________________________________ oh god please make me handsome rich and happy said mannu god replied I can make you handsome and rich but happiness is a state of mind ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ i please get us three sandwiches four plates of pav bhaji and six banana milkshakes said gaurav to the waitress yes sir will you pay cash or through credit card said the lady ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ my brother the younger one and our neighbour the doctor are going to be partners for the chess competition they are representing our society club ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ daddy said I am going to drop mr seth at the railway station mukesh informed his mother ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ isnt that vera standing by the telephone booth why didnt she come for the debate ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ idli chutney masala dosa or medu vada from the simply south stall dhokla surti undhio kachchori from the gujarat green stall missal pav vada pav thalipeet from the me marathi stall delicious so yummy oh what shall i eat im so confused sighed mukesh â€Å"Idli-chutney, masala-dosa or medu-vada from the Simply South stall; dhokla, surti-undhio, kachchori from the Gujarat Green Stall; missal-pav, vada-pav, thalipeet from the Me Marathi Stall! Delicious! So yummy! Oh what shall I eat? I’m so confused!† sighed Mukesh._____________________________

A New Kind of Dreaming – Summary

Anthony Eaton’s a new Kind of Dreaming helps the reader to recognise the various challenges and conflicts that cause the characters to change and grow. Anthony Eaton best expresses Jamie as an outsider that is trying to find his place in the world, while uncovering the secrets of Port Barren’s shady past. This changes Jamie from an adolescent delinquent to a responsible and admirable person. Jaime develops friendships that lead him to trusting and sympathetic qualities that are unusual for him in his past of crime. Jamie faces a challenge to build a stronger relationship with Cameron, but this is an obstacle for Cameron as he tries to understand Jamie and tries to push the stereotypes of him away. Early in Jamie’s arrival in Port Barren, he evolves different relationships and forms a close bond with Cameron that challenges him to trust and care. His mentor and guide in this story is Archie, who challenges Jamie with a dreamtime story called ‘The Wanderers and the Lost Ones’ which makes him really think about where he lays. While Jamie was traveling through the desert with Cameron, he is challenged to take on new qualities and discover a new person. The challenges and conflicts that Jamie faces, turns him into a new and more preferable individual. Body Paragraph 1: As Jamie begins to strengthen his relationship with Cameron he becomes a different and greater character. Jamie discovers more admirable qualities from Cameron such as trust and loyalty. Cameron was the one person that didn’t judge Jamie by his reputation or personality and stood by him the whole entire journey, this was the beginning of their long lasting relationship. This experience was new to Jamie as he spent of lot of his life changing foster homes. He valued Cameron for his down to earth character. This example is shown to the reader from the novel when Cameron says, â€Å"I was out for my morning run when I noticed you lying here, you sure you’re okay? † [Page 53] this shows that Cameron really cares about Jamie and for his welfare even through everyone were judging him for his criminal records and stereotypes of him were soon spreading across the community. Having Cameron in his life changed Jamie and challenged him to become a more preferable person. Body Paragraph 2: A challenge that Jamie has to face and overcome is when he tries to have some sense of belonging to the community of Port Barren. Archie, his guardian throughout the novel, tells him his version of a dreamtime story called ‘The wanderers and the lost ones’. This story challenges Jamie to think whether he is lost or a wanderer. This makes him feel responsible for finding out who is disturbing the balance and it is up to him to try and restore it. This is shown to the reader when Jamie thinks, â€Å"It was weird, no beginning, no middle, no end, no plot. And yet he couldn’t shake the feeling that there was something important behind the strange words. He pondered it but couldn’t make anything of it† [page 126]. The story makes Jamie wonder who he is and how he belongs in the community. This challenges him to think more about himself and what he needs to do to change and become a better person. This also made him change the way he thought about himself, it made him to thrive to do the best he can. Conclusion: Jamie faces many conflicts and challenges throughout the novel and they all have an effect that makes him change in character. Jamie’s close relationship with Cameron helps him to thrive to be more confident about himself. This also gives him the good qualities to trust people and give them respect that they deserve. Archie’s story ‘The wonderers and the Lost ones’ challenges Jamie to look for the answer and made him change the way he though about himself, the story left him wanting him to have some sense of belonging in his life. Trekking through the desert has changed Jamie as a person and the way he looks at life. Jamie experiences countless challenges and conflicts through the novel, a new kind of dreaming, and all lead him to growth and change in the way he lives.

Nigel Slacks Transformation Process Model Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Nigel Slack trying to explain the main reasons behind the transformation of business processes (through the implementation of appropriate technology) in firms belonging to all industrial sectors. His model, shown below in Figure 1, presents a series of factors (dimensions) that influence the decision of a business to transform its business processes. In accordance with the above model, the first issue that should be examined by every firm interested in transforming its process would be whether the technology implemented through this transformation could be related with the current needs of the particular market. If the answer to this question is positive, then the business should proceed to the relevant procedure (transformation of processes). However, this was only the first Dimension of the whole project. In fact, a second Dimension follows in which should answer the following question: what the relevant technology could offer to the transformation of resources in the particular f irm. More specifically, the business process technology would improve the firm s resources mainly offering a framework for the increase in their productivity. If such a target could not be achieved by the above procedure then the firm should avoid the transformation of its processes by the first instance. We will write a custom essay sample on Nigel Slacks Transformation Process Model or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now On the other hand, the value of the business process technology for the completion of the business transformation process would be examined thoroughly before the implementation of the relevant technology. Finally, the role of business process technology in the whole procession would be evaluated in terms of its importance for the achievement of the targets set by the firm attempting the transformation of its processes. The effectiveness of the relevant procedure was examined by Slack et al. (2005) with a specific reference to five firms: a fashion clothing retailer, a retail bank, a full-service airline industry, a food company and a company operating in the area of laboratory services.

Company s Position Within The Pillars Of Analytics...

2) Describe your company s position within the pillars of analytics competition? The four attributes found in companies that compete on analytics and described in the book â€Å"Competing on Analytics† are the following: Supporting a strategic, distinctive capability; general use of analytics across the organization; executives embedded analytics as part of their working lives; and adopting a large scale ambition. Speaking about the Real Estate Technical Services department, the application of the business intelligence as a set of technologies and processes that use data to generate fact-based decisions is a case not much different from the Wire Transfer department identified above. But, other departments like Securities where the entire†¦show more content†¦The latter has let the company to participate in new services such as foreign currency markets and structured products offerings, with which market share and customer loyalty have increased. These additional results make this bank a clear competitor on analytics. 3) Describe your company s progress within each stage of competing on analytics. The Wire Transfer department is a clear example of analytically impaired. The managers have no interest to advance to the second stage –localized analytics. Functional processes will remain in the lowest stage because of the lack of decision and skills to adopt analytics. The main rates such as abandoned calls and waiting time are exceeding the service level agreement most of the time. As a result, many customers and workers are dissatisfied. No wonder why the turnover rate is pretty high, including managers, and thousands of international customers have looked for other financial institutions. Instead, the Securities department does have analytical capabilities to generate competitive performance and value for the company and customers, respectively. They have embraced the culture that other areas don’t have. 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Writing Self-Reflection Essay - 759 Words

Providence when not divine ,it is foresight was a thought that was always haunting me from childhood,little knowing that later in my life the writer in me is taking its shape.At times I thought why I could not solve problems academic as well as personal by using the same kind of thinking which we used when we created them ,as my greatest problem was what to do about all the things I couldnt do anything about. Time passed and I set sails for SJSU.On arriving here ,I realised that I had grown wings and my perception of life had changed,so had ,my line-of-thought.Earlier, it was a kind of guided writing ,but now it had turned innovative, having an original subtle learning towards thought provoking themes that were inspired by†¦show more content†¦In retrospect, I see a change that has effected my personality inwardly as well as outwardly.This impact has groomed me inside out that itself speaks volumes as its a transformation for the better,for ever ,looking back I see the timid girl.who knew the basis of language such as the parts of speech of figures of speech, but was reluctent to use them without any constarints. 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Fi515 Chapter 1 Mini Case Free Essays

MINI CASE a. Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is important to all managers because it provides managers the skills needed to identify and select the corporate strategies and individual projects that add value to their firm and forecast the funding requirements of their company and devise strategies for acquiring those funds. b. We will write a custom essay sample on Fi515 Chapter 1 Mini Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Describe the organizational forms a company might have as it evolves from a start-up to a major corporation. List the advantages and disadvantages of each form. The organizational forms a company might have as it evolves from a start-up to a major corporation are proprietorship, partnership, or corporation. The advantages of a proprietorship are: †¢Easy and inexpensive to form, †¢Subject to few government regulations, and †¢Income not subject to corporate taxation. The disadvantages of a proprietorship are: †¢May be difficult to obtain the capital needed for growth, †¢Unlimited personal liability for the businesses’ debts, and †¢Limited to the life of its founder. The advantages of a partnership are: †¢Relatively easy to establish, †¢Increased ability to raise funds, Prospective employees become attracted to the business if given the incentive to become a partner, †¢May benefit from the combination of complementary skills of two or more people, †¢Can be cost effective, and †¢Provide moral support and will allow for more creative brainstorming. The disadvantages of a partnership ar e: †¢Partners are jointly and individually liable for the actions of the other partners, †¢Profits must be shared, †¢Disagreements can occur, †¢May have limited life, †¢Has limitations that keeps it from becoming a large business, †¢Partners have to consult with each other before making decisions, and †¢Unlimited liability. The advantages of a corporation are: †¢Unlimited life, †¢Easy transferability of ownership interest, and †¢Limited liability. The disadvantages of a corporation are: †¢Earnings may be subject to double taxation, and †¢Complex and time-consuming set up. c. How do corporations go public and continue to grow? What are agency problems? What is corporate governance? Corporations go public and continue to grow by selling stock to outsiders or venture capitalists, attracting lending from banks or raising additional funds through an initial public offering (IPO) by selling stock to the public at large. Agency problems are conflicts of interest arising between creditors, shareholders and managers because of differing goals. Corporate governance is the relationship between all the stakeholders in the company. d. What should be the primary objective of managers? The primary objective of managers is stockholder wealth maximization, which means to maximize the fundamental price of the firm’s common stock and not just the current market price. 1)Do firms have any responsibilities to society at large? Yes, firms have responsibilities to society at large. Corporate social responsibility is operating a business in a manner that accounts for the social and environmental impact created by the business. This means a commitment to developing policies that integrate responsible practices into daily business operations and to reporting on progress made toward implementing these practices. 2)Is stock price maximization good or bad for society? Stock price maximization is good for society. Shareholders are members of society. Consumers benefit when companies develop products and services that consumers want and need, which leads to new technology and new products. Employees benefit generally when companies successfully increase stock prices, it opens up growth and addition for more employees. 3)Should firms behave ethically? Yes, firms should behave ethically. There is no room for unethical behavior in the business world. Most executives believe that there is a positive correlation between ethics and long-run profitability. Conflicts often arise between profits and ethics. Companies must deal with these conflicts on a regular basis. Failure to handle these situations properly can lead to huge product liability suits and even bankruptcy. e. What three aspects of cash flows affect the value of any investment? The three aspects of cash flows the affect the value of any investment are the amount of expected cash flows, the timing of the cash flow stream, and the risk of the cash flows. f. What are free cash flows? Free cash flows are the monies available for distribution to all investors after paying current expenses, taxes, and making the investments necessary for growth. g. What is the weighted average cost of capital? The weighted average cost of capital is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. . How do free cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital interact to determine a firm’s value? Free Cash Flow = Sales Revenues – Operating Costs and Taxes – Required Investments in Operating Capital. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is affected by market interest rates, market risk aversion, cost of debt, cost of equity, firmâ €™s debt/equity mix, and firm’s business risk. Therefore, free cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital interact to determine a firm’s value by the following equation: Value=FCF1+FCF2+ †¦ +FCF00 (1 + WACC)1(1 + WACC)2(1 + WACC)00 i. Who are the providers (savers) and users (borrowers) of capital? How is capital transferred between savers and borrowers? Households and some foreign governments are the providers (savers) of capital. Non-financial corporation’s net users and U. S. governments are users (borrowers) of capital. Financial corporations are slight users (borrowers), but almost breakeven. Capital is transferred between savers and borrowers by direct transfer, through an investment banking house, or through a financial intermediary. j. What do we call the price that a borrower must pay for debt capital? What is the price of equity capital? What are the four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy? The price that a borrower must pay for debt capital is called the interest rate. The price of equity capital is the cost of equity equals required return equals dividend yield plus capital gains. The four most fundamental factors that affect the cost of money, or the general level of interest rates, in the economy are production opportunities, time preferences for consumption, risk, and expected inflation. k. What are some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money? Some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money are country risk and exchange rate risk. Country risk depends on the country’s economic, political, and social environment. Exchange rate risk is dependent on the non-dollar denominated investment’s value. l. What are financial securities? Describe some financial instruments. Financial securities are pieces of paper with contractual provisions that entitle their owners to specific rights and claims on specific cash flows or values. Some financial instruments are: †¢U. S. Treasury Bills  ­Sold by U. S. Treasury  ­Default-free risk  ­91 days to one year – original maturity †¢Money Market Mutual Funds  ­Invest in short-term debt; held by businesses and individuals  ­Low degree of risk  ­No specific maturity (instant liquidity) †¢Consumer Credit Loans  ­Loans by banks/credit unions/finance companies  ­Risk is variable  ­Original maturity is variable †¢U. S. Treasury Notes and Bonds  ­Issued by U,S, government  ­No default risk, but price falls if interest rate rises  ­2-30 years – original maturity †¢Municipal Bonds  ­Issued by state and local government to individuals and institutions  ­Riskier than U. S. overnment guides, but exempt from most taxes  ­Up to 30 years – original maturity m. List some financial institutions. Some financial institutions are commercial banks, investment banks, savings and loan, mutual savings bands, credit unions, life insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds and private equity funds. n. What are some different types of markets? Some different types of markets are physical asset markets, financial asset markets, spot markets, future markets, money markets, capital markets, mortgage markets, consumer credit markets, and world, national, regional and local markets. . How are secondary markets organized? Secondary markets are organized by location and the way that orders from buyers and sellers are matched. 1)List some physical location markets and some computer/telephone networks. Some physical locations markets are New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), and the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Some computer/telephone networks are NASDAQ, government bond markets, and foreign exchange markets. 2)Explain the differences between open outcry auctions, dealer markets, and electronic communications networks (ECNs). Auction markets are markets where participants have a seat on the exchange, meet face-to-face, and place orders for themselves or for their clients. The two largest auction markets for stocks are the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. The New York Stock Exchange is a modified auction with a â€Å"specialist. † Dealer markets are markets where â€Å"dealers† keep an inventory of the stock (or other financial assets) and place bids and ask â€Å"advertisements†, which are prices at which they are willing to buy and sell. There are often many dealers for each stock. A computerized quotation system keeps track of bid and ask prices, but does not automatically match buyers and sellers. Examples of dealer markets are the NASDAQ National Market, NASDAQ Small Cap Market, London SEAQ, and German Neuer Market. Electronic communication networks (ECNs) are computerized systems that match orders from buyers and sellers and automatically execute the transaction. It is a low cost to transact. Examples of ECNs are Instinet (U. S. stocks owned by NASDAQ), Archipelago (U. S. stocks owned by NYSE), Eurex (Swiss-German futures contracts), and SETS (London stocks). p. Briefly explain mortgage securitization and how it contributed to the global economic crisis. Mortgage securitization is the pooling of various mortgage loans and their usage as collateral to issue securities. This process allows the originator of the mortgage loans to restructure its balance sheet by reducing the receivables and using the funds received from the sale of securities to invest elsewhere. Mortgage securitization allows the originators of the loans to diversify their risk besides enabling them to secure immediate liquidity for assets which would otherwise have face some difficulty in trading. http://www. economywatch. com/finance/high-finance/mortgage-securitization. html) Mortgage securitization contributed to the global economic crisis in many ways. †¢Homeowners wanted better homes than they could afford. †¢Mortgage brokers encourage homeowners to take mortgages even though they would reset the payments to amounts that the borrowers might not have been able t o afford because the brokers got a commission for closing the deal. †¢Appraisers were over-appraising house values and getting paid at the time of the appraisal. †¢Originating institutions (e. . , Countrywide) were quickly selling the mortgages to investment banks and other institutions. †¢Investment banks created CDOs and got rating agencies to help design and then rate the new CDOs with rating agencies making big profits despite the conflicts of interest. †¢Financial engineers used unrealistic inputs to generate high values for the CDOs. †¢Investment banks sold the CDOs to investors and made big profits. †¢Investors bought the CDOs but either didn’t understand or didn’t care about the risk. †¢Some investors bought â€Å"insurance† via credit default swap. When the mortgages were reset and the borrowers defaulted on them, the values of the CDOs plummeted. †¢Many of the credit default swaps failed to provide insurance beca use the counterparty failed. †¢Many originators and securitizers still owned sub-prime securities, which led to many bankruptcies, government takeovers, and fire sales including New Century, Countrywide, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and many more. PROBLEMS (2-6)In its most recent financial statements, Newhouse, Inc. reported $50 million of net income and $810 million of retained earnings. The previous retained earnings were $780 million. How much in dividends was paid to shareholders during the year? Dividends Paid= (Previous Retained Earnings + Net Income) – Recent Retained Earnings = ($780 million + $50 million) – $810 million = $830 million – $810 million = $20 million (2-7)The Talley Corporation had a taxable income of $365,000 from operations after all operating costs but before (1) interest charges of $50,000, (2) dividends received of $15,000, (3) dividends paid of $25,000, and (4) income taxes. What are the firm’s income tax liability and its after-tax income? What are the company’s marginal and average tax rates on taxable income? Taxable Income$365,000 Less: Interest Charges(50,000) Plus: Dividends Received4,500? $15,000(1 – 0. 70) = $4,500 Total Taxable Income$319,500 Tax Liability= $22,250 + ($319,500 – $100,000)(0. 39) = $22,250 + ($219,500)(0. 39) = $22,250 + $85,605 = $107,855 After-Tax Income: Total Taxable Income$319,500 Less: Tax Liability(107,855) Plus: Non-taxable Dividends Received10,500? 15,000(0. 70) = $10,500 Net Income$222,145 Marginal Tax Rate = 39% Average Tax Rate= Tax Interest Income/Taxable Operating Income = $107,855/$319,500 = 0. 33757 or 33. 76% (2-9)The Shrieves Corporation has $10,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. It is choosing among ATT bonds, which yield 7. 5%, state of Florida muni bonds, which yield 5% (but are not taxable), and ATT preferred stock, with a dividend yield of 6%. Shrieve’s corporate tax rate is 35%, and 70% of the dividends received are tax exempt. Find the after-tax rates of return on all three securities. ATT Bonds – $10,000 x 7. 5% = $750 Taxes = $750 x 35% = $262. 50 $750 – $262. 50 = $487. 50 ATT Bond Yield = $487. 50/$10,000 = 0. 04875 or 4. 875% ATT Preferred Stock – $10,000 x 6% = $600 Tax Exemption = $600 x 70% = $420 Taxable Income = $600 – $420 = $180 Taxes = $180 x 35% = $63 $600 – $63 = $537 ATT Preferred Stock Yield = $537/$10,000 = 0. 0537 or 5. 37% Florida Muni Bonds – $10,000 x 5% = $500 Not taxable, so no tax deductions Florida Muni Bonds Yield = $500/$10,000 = 0. 05 or 5% How to cite Fi515 Chapter 1 Mini Case, Papers

The Failure of Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

The Failure of Reconstruction Essay Reconstruction was a failure due to the opinion on race. Racism played a big part in the 1896 Plessey vs. Furguson case. Reconstruction began in 1865 and ended in 1877. Two goals were to rebuild the south and to reform society. Reconstruction should not be thought of as a bad idea. It was virtually impossible to just change ways in the south with out using some kind of force. Black codes did nothing but for the south but put them in further segregation. The black codes aloud a form of disguised slavery. They gave blacks the right to own land, and go to court; they still werent aloud to serve on a jury or aloud to vote. In the long run, black codes just made it easier for the people of the south to continue with their poor treatment towards blacks. A positive step did come for reconstruction in 1868. That was the 14th amendment, that stated that All persons born or naturalized in the United States and of the state that they reside (Thomas, 14) The amendment also declared that no state could make or enforce any law that restrain the privileges of the citizens of the United States. This amendment is clearly federal power over state power. This act was passed by congress to make sure that constitutionality of the civil rights acts (that made African Americans full citizen and guaranteed cirten right of citizenship, that completely went agents anything that had to do with black codes. With these new laws in place, Tourgee argued that the Louisiana law Separate but equal accommodations for the white and colored races on all passenger trains within that state, took away Plessey 14th amendment rights. The passage of the 1866 Civil Rights Acts and the fourteenth amendment marked the move toward racial reconstruction, which was controve rsial. (Thomas, 7) Right after following this positive step during reconstruction, came another racial act that prohibited the marriages between whites and people of other races. The compromise of 1877 put an end to reconstruction. Republican, Rutherford Hayes was elected over Samuel Tiden, who was a democrat. The two parties made a dele with each other. The deal that they agreed on was to get the federal troops out of the south. This left nothing to enforce the 14th amendment. With the 14th amendment not being enforced, in theory, the south could go back to treating slaves bad and continue slavery. Racism was so bad in the south, and in some parts of the north, that blacks began to feel like America was meant to be a white country. DeBois referred to this as a double consciousness (Thomas, 141) Blacks we being thought of by whites as violent brutes. Whites made fun of everything about them from their looks all the way down to their personalities. White power groups like the KKK made it hard for black to fit in or go about there daily lives, without being harassed. These are just some of the examples how racism was unfair and unequal to blacks. At the end of reconstruction, racism continued as if it never applied. My question is how can reconstruction work when you have people like John Tyler Morgan that said slavery was a custom and it was barbaric not to engage in it.? (Thomas, 64) It is obvious that he wanted to keep the color line and wanted no part in helping the problem at hand. He thought that the solution to the problem was to send all the blacks back to Africa. (Thomas, 73) .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .postImageUrl , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:hover , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:visited , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:active { border:0!important; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:active , .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529 .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u098897258fa48a923917401bebbbb529:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver (synopsis of main character) EssayAnother person that thought whites were the inferior race was Fredric Hoffman. He took measurement comparisons of the skull, chest and lung captivity. He main study was the lungs. He found that whites had far higher lung captivity, which in theory, made them less prone to disease, and in his eyes, the inferior race. Henry Field said blacks have not achieved anything, and they are stuck in mediocrity level of society. (Thomas, 102). Field denies social equality in the north, and admits to the color line. He feels that this is natural. The Plessey vs. Furguson case on May 18, 1896 was about the state of Louisiana that .